Q. Create an html5 page which will display names of your family member on separate lines in different sizes. State size of each line in its text.
HTML Code
<!DOCTYPE html>
<HTML>
<BODY>
<BODY BGCOLOR="#f1284e"><CENTER></BODY>
<FONT SIZE="1">1.AMOL </FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="2">2.AKASH </FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="3">3.MAHESH </FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="4">4.SACHIN </FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="5">5.NAREN </FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="6">6.OMKAR </FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="7">7.ROHAN </FONT><BR>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Output:
8 Comments
nice
ReplyDeleteGood Efforts
ReplyDeletepom.xml
ReplyDeleteorg.seleniumhq.selenium
selenium-java
4.44.0
io.github.bonigarcia
webdrivermanager
6.3.4
ReplyDelete<dependency
<groupId io.github.bonigarcia</groupId
<artifactId webdrivermanager</artifactId
<version 6.3.4</version
</dependency
</dependencies
<dependencies
ReplyDelete<dependency
<groupId org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId
<artifactId selenium-java</artifactId
<version 4.44.0</version
</dependency
<dependency
<groupId io.github.bonigarcia</groupId
<artifactId webdrivermanager</artifactId
<version 6.3.4</version
</dependency
</dependencies
COMPUTER NETWORKING SKILL DEVELOPMENT - PRACTICAL 1
ReplyDeleteBASIC NETWORK DEVICES, TRANSMISSION MEDIA, RJ-45 AND CABLE CRIMPING
WHAT YOU WILL COMPLETE
Identify common network devices and cables. Prepare and test one straight-through cable and one crossover cable.
IMPORTANT: This practical includes real hardware work. Packet Tracer cannot physically strip, crimp or test a cable. You need the equipment listed below for the cable-making part.
A. EQUIPMENT YOU NEED
1. UTP Cat5e or Cat6 cable.
2. At least four RJ-45 connectors (two for each cable; keep spares).
3. RJ-45 crimping tool.
4. Wire stripper/cutter (some crimping tools include this).
5. LAN cable tester.
6. Network devices for identification: hub, switch, router, NIC, modem and wireless access point. These may be real devices or pictures supplied by your lab teacher.
B. IDENTIFY THE DEVICES
1. Router: connects different networks, for example a home LAN to the internet.
2. Switch: connects many wired devices inside one LAN.
3. Hub: repeats incoming data to all its ports.
4. NIC: the network interface in a computer that lets it connect to a network.
5. Modem: connects to an internet service provider's communication line.
6. Access point: lets wireless devices join a wired network using Wi-Fi.
C. IDENTIFY TRANSMISSION MEDIA
1. UTP: unshielded twisted-pair copper cable; common in Ethernet LANs.
2. STP: shielded twisted-pair cable; shielding helps reduce electrical interference.
3. Coaxial cable: has a central conductor and shielding; used in cable internet and other systems.
4. Fibre-optic cable: carries data as light; useful for high speed and long distances.
D. RJ-45 COLOUR ORDER
Hold the RJ-45 plug with the GOLD CONTACTS facing you and the CLIP facing away/down. Read the wires from LEFT to RIGHT. Keep the same viewing direction while arranging the wires.
T568A - LEFT TO RIGHT:
1 White/Green
2 Green
3 White/Orange
4 Blue
5 White/Blue
6 Orange
7 White/Brown
8 Brown
T568B - LEFT TO RIGHT:
1 White/Orange
2 Orange
3 White/Green
4 Blue
5 White/Blue
6 Green
7 White/Brown
8 Brown
E. MAKE A STRAIGHT-THROUGH CABLE
A straight-through cable has the SAME standard at both ends. For this practical, use T568B at both ends.
1. Cut the UTP cable to the required length.
2. Use the stripper to remove about 1.5 inches (around 3-4 cm) of the outer jacket. Do not cut the inner wires.
3. Separate and straighten the eight small wires.
4. Arrange the wires in T568B order, from left to right.
5. Keep the wires flat and in the correct order. Trim their ends evenly so they are all the same length.
6. Hold the RJ-45 plug with its contacts facing you and clip facing away/down. Slide all eight wires fully into the plug. Check that each wire reaches the end and the outer jacket enters the plug slightly.
7. Put the plug into the crimping tool and press the handle firmly.
8. Make the second end in exactly the same T568B order.
9. Insert the two ends into the LAN tester. Turn the tester on. For a straight-through cable, the tester should show 1-to-1, 2-to-2, 3-to-3 and so on through 8-to-8.
F. MAKE A CROSSOVER CABLE
A crossover cable has T568A at one end and T568B at the other.
1. Cut another length of UTP cable.
2. Strip about 1.5 inches of outer jacket without damaging the inner wires.
3. Arrange the first end using T568A order.
4. Trim the wires evenly, insert them fully into the RJ-45 plug and crimp.
5. Arrange the other end using T568B order.
6. Trim, insert and crimp the second RJ-45 plug.
7. Test both ends with the LAN tester. The tester should show the crossed pin mapping. Pins 1 and 2 cross with 3 and 6; pins 4, 5, 7 and 8 remain straight.
RESULT TO RECORD
The network devices and transmission media were identified. A straight-through cable was prepared with T568B at both ends, and a crossover cable was prepared with T568A at one end and T568B at the other. Both cables were checked using a LAN tester.
COMPUTER NETWORKING SKILL DEVELOPMENT - PRACTICAL 2
ReplyDeleteIPv4 ADDRESSING, SUBNETTING AND NETWORK COMMANDS
WHAT YOU WILL COMPLETE
Divide 192.168.10.0/24 into four /26 subnets, configure a small Packet Tracer network and practise the commands from the journal.
1. DEVICES YOU NEED
- One Cisco 1941 router.
- Two Cisco 2960 switches.
- Three PCs: PC1, PC2 and PC3.
- Copper Straight-Through cables.
2. ADDRESSING PLAN
Subnet mask for the four new subnets: 255.255.255.192 (/26).
Each /26 subnet has 64 total addresses and 62 usable host addresses.
Subnet 1: Network 192.168.10.0, usable hosts 192.168.10.1-192.168.10.62, broadcast 192.168.10.63.
Subnet 2: Network 192.168.10.64, usable hosts 192.168.10.65-192.168.10.126, broadcast 192.168.10.127.
Subnet 3: Network 192.168.10.128, usable hosts 192.168.10.129-192.168.10.190, broadcast 192.168.10.191.
Subnet 4: Network 192.168.10.192, usable hosts 192.168.10.193-192.168.10.254, broadcast 192.168.10.255.
For the Packet Tracer activity, use these addresses:
Router G0/0: 192.168.10.1 / 255.255.255.192
Router G0/1: 192.168.10.65 / 255.255.255.192
PC1: 192.168.10.2 / 255.255.255.192, gateway 192.168.10.1
PC2: 192.168.10.3 / 255.255.255.192, gateway 192.168.10.1
PC3: 192.168.10.66 / 255.255.255.192, gateway 192.168.10.65
3. BUILD THE TOPOLOGY
1. Open Packet Tracer and start a new file.
2. Place one 1941 router.
3. Place two 2960 switches.
4. Place three PCs.
5. Arrange PC1 and PC2 near Switch0. Arrange PC3 near Switch1. Place the router between the two switches.
4. CONNECT THE DEVICES
Use Connections (lightning-bolt icon) > Copper Straight-Through.
1. PC1 FastEthernet0 to Switch0 FastEthernet0/1.
2. PC2 FastEthernet0 to Switch0 FastEthernet0/2.
3. Switch0 FastEthernet0/24 to Router GigabitEthernet0/0.
4. Router GigabitEthernet0/1 to Switch1 FastEthernet0/24.
5. PC3 FastEthernet0 to Switch1 FastEthernet0/1.
Wait for the link lights to become green.
5. SET THE PC ADDRESSES
For each PC: click the PC > Desktop > IP Configuration > Static. Enter the values below.
PC1:
IP Address: 192.168.10.2
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192
Default Gateway: 192.168.10.1
PC2:
IP Address: 192.168.10.3
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192
Default Gateway: 192.168.10.1
PC3:
IP Address: 192.168.10.66
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192
Default Gateway: 192.168.10.65
Close IP Configuration after entering each address.
6. CONFIGURE THE ROUTER
Click the router > CLI. If the initial dialog appears, type no and press Enter. Press Enter once more to get the Router> prompt. Enter these commands in order:
enable
configure terminal
hostname R1
interface gigabitEthernet 0/0
ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.192
no shutdown
exit
interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
ip address 192.168.10.65 255.255.255.192
no shutdown
exit
end
Check the ports:
show ip interface brief
Both GigabitEthernet ports should show up/up after the switches and cables are connected.
7. RUN THE JOURNAL COMMANDS
Click PC1 > Desktop > Command Prompt. Run these separately:
ipconfig
Shows the simulated PC's IP settings in Packet Tracer.
ping 192.168.10.3
Tests communication from PC1 to PC2. Replies should appear.
ping 192.168.10.1
Tests communication from PC1 to its router gateway. Replies should appear.
tracert 192.168.10.65
Shows the path from PC1 to the router's interface in the second /26 subnet. The router is the next hop.
arp -a
Shows learned IP-to-MAC address entries. Run ping first so the PC has a reason to learn the other device's MAC address.
RESULT
The /24 network was divided into four /26 subnets. PC addressing and network commands were used to test local and routed connectivity.
IPv4? A: Internet Protocol version 4; it uses 32-bit addresses.
subnetting? A: Dividing a network into smaller networks.
Q: What does /26 mean? A: The first 26 bits identify the network; the mask is 255.255.255.192.
hosts in a /26? A: 62.
Q: What does ping do? A: Tests whether another IP device can be reached.
Q: What does ARP do? A: Finds the MAC address for an IPv4 address on the local network.
COMPUTER NETWORKING SKILL DEVELOPMENT - PRACTICAL 3
ReplyDeleteDESIGN AND SIMULATE A LAN USING CISCO PACKET TRACER
WHAT YOU WILL COMPLETE
Create one LAN with four PCs connected to one Cisco 2960 switch. Give each PC an IP address, test communication and view the switch MAC address table.
1. DEVICES YOU NEED
- One Cisco 2960 switch.
- Four PCs (PC0, PC1, PC2 and PC3).
- Four Copper Straight-Through cables.
2. IP ADDRESS PLAN
Use network 192.168.1.0/24. The subnet mask for every PC is 255.255.255.0.
PC0: 192.168.1.1
PC1: 192.168.1.2
PC2: 192.168.1.3
PC3: 192.168.1.4
No router is included in this practical topology, so leave the default gateway blank.
3. PLACE THE DEVICES
1. Open Cisco Packet Tracer and choose File > New.
2. At the bottom-left, choose Network Devices > Switches.
3. Select 2960 and click once in the workspace to place Switch0.
4. Choose End Devices (computer icon).
5. Select PC and click the workspace four times to place PC0, PC1, PC2 and PC3.
6. Arrange the four PCs around the switch so the cables are easy to see.
4. CONNECT EACH PC TO THE SWITCH
1. Click Connections (lightning-bolt icon).
2. Select Copper Straight-Through.
3. Click PC0 > FastEthernet0, then click Switch0 > FastEthernet0/1.
4. Repeat PC1 FastEthernet0 to Switch0 FastEthernet0/2.
5. Repeat PC2 FastEthernet0 to Switch0 FastEthernet0/3.
6. Repeat PC3 FastEthernet0 to Switch0 FastEthernet0/4.
7. Wait until the link lights become green. A port may show orange briefly while it starts.
5. CONFIGURE THE FOUR PC ADDRESSES
For each PC, click it > Desktop > IP Configuration > Static.
Enter:
PC0: IP 192.168.1.1 | Mask 255.255.255.0 | Gateway blank
PC1: IP 192.168.1.2 | Mask 255.255.255.0 | Gateway blank
PC2: IP 192.168.1.3 | Mask 255.255.255.0 | Gateway blank
PC3: IP 192.168.1.4 | Mask 255.255.255.0 | Gateway blank
Close each PC window after entering the values.
6. TEST THE LAN FROM PC0
1. Click PC0.
2. Open Desktop > Command Prompt.
3. Run each command and press Enter:
ping 192.168.1.2
ping 192.168.1.3
ping 192.168.1.4
Each ping should receive replies. If the first request times out, run the same ping again after a few seconds.
7. VIEW THE SWITCH MAC ADDRESS TABLE
1. Click Switch0.
2. Open CLI.
3. If asked about the initial configuration dialog, type no and press Enter; then press Enter again.
4. Type:
enable
show mac address-table
The switch should show MAC addresses learned on the ports connected to the PCs. If the table is empty, generate traffic by pinging the other PCs and run the command again.
You can also run:
show ip interface brief
This shows the switch's interface status. A Layer-2 switch does not need an IP address for this practical's PC-to-PC communication.
8. SAVE THE SIMULATION
Choose File > Save As. Save the file as Practical_3_LAN_Design.pkt.
IF THE PING FAILS
1. Confirm the four IP addresses are different and all use mask 255.255.255.0.
2. Check every PC cable goes to the correct switch port.
3. Wait for green link lights.
4. Run the ping again.
RESULT
A LAN of four PCs was designed and simulated. The PCs communicated through the switch, and the switch learned their MAC addresses.
QUICK VIVA
Q: What is a LAN? A: A Local Area Network connecting devices in a limited area.
Q: What does a switch do? A: It forwards Ethernet frames using MAC addresses.
Q: What is a MAC address? A: A hardware address of a network interface.
Q: Which cable is used from PC to switch? A: Copper Straight-Through.
Q: Which command displays the switch MAC table? A: show mac address-table.